Loop Structure

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Core Logic

The Agent loop is the heart of any Agent:

async function agentLoop(userMessage: string): Promise<string> {
  const chat = model.startChat()
  let response = await chat.sendMessage(userMessage)

  while (true) {
    const functionCalls = response.response.functionCalls()

    // No tool calls = task complete
    if (!functionCalls?.length) {
      return response.response.text()
    }

    // Execute tools
    const results = []
    for (const call of functionCalls) {
      const result = await executeTool(call)
      results.push({
        functionResponse: { name: call.name, response: result }
      })
    }

    // Continue conversation with results
    response = await chat.sendMessage(results)
  }
}

Flowchart

Key Points

1. Entry: User message starts the loop
2. Decision: Check for tool calls after each LLM response
3. Action: Execute requested tools
4. Feedback: Send results back to LLM
5. Exit: No tool calls means task complete

Summary

• Agent loop = send message → check tools → execute → repeat
• Loop exits when LLM has no more tool calls
• Keep track of turn count to prevent infinite loops

Next

Learn about state management: State & Context →